PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.